Ideational Changes in the 1945 Indonesia Constitution After Amendment

Using systemic functional linguistics, this study examines how the ideational function changed in the 1945 Constitution Amendment's text. The goal is to determine what the changes are, how they are implemented, and why they occur in the amendment. Using the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) paradigm, this study employs a qualitative research methodology to investigate the shifts in ideational function in the 1945 Constitutional Amendment (UUD 1945). This study uses a discourse analysis approach to understand the linguistic changes between the original and amended texts as reflecting the socio-political dynamics of the country. The analysis's findings show a notable change in experiencing patterns, with a decline in the propensity to employ Material Process (from 67% to 58%), a rise in Relational Process (from 22% to 29%), and the appearance of Mental Process (8%). From a qualitative standpoint, this represents a shift in the constitutional narrative from one that first emphasized "instructions for action" by the government to "defining the identity and rights" of legal subjects. The significant rise in Hypotactic Elaboration (14%) in the logical function suggests a methodical attempt to achieve meaning accuracy through thorough definition. The results additionally demonstrate that modifications to this ideational function fall into three functional categories: (1) reformulation as a way to restrict executive discretion through "Discipline of Power"; (2) addition as a tool for deliberation that stresses cognitive processes ("paying attention"); and (3) new formulation as a way to create the identity of new democratic institutions. This study's originality demonstrates how the 1945 Constitution Amendment changed the Indonesian constitution's focus from the "Power of Doing" paradigm to the open and conditional "Reasoning of Law." In practice, the amendment's grammatical form serves as a "legal fence" that restrains the ruler's power within the parameters of constitutional democracy.