Semiotic Meanings of Artefacts in Toba Batak eeremonies Across Toba Batak Regions: A Sturiy on Variations and Changes

This research aimed at studying the semiotic meanings of artefacts employed in Toba Batak ceremonies across Toba Batak regions using a qualitative method in ethnographic study. The data were collected using observation, interview, and documentary techniques. The objects were those used in Baptism, Wedding, and Entering a New House Ceremonies in Sibisa, Limbong Sagala, Sait ni Huta, and Lumban Siagian regions, in the Province of North Sumatera.
The research results revealed: first, there were 36 types of artefacts used in Toba Batak ceremonies. Each of the artefacts was identified having meanings and variations. Second, the data analysis also revealed meaning changes of the artefacts. Third, the variations occurred due to two factors: 1) different contexts (regions); and 2) different interactions with the artefacts (ceremonies); while the meaning changes were caused by the extralinguistic factors, covering: 1) time savings and 2) other custom influences.
It was concluded that Toba Batak people used artefacts to interact and communicate in their ceremonies. The artefacts are used till the present time by a particular Toba Batak community in a certain ceremony and region. In other words, artefacts are potential resources for communication (modes).