Key Factors to Foster Academic Performance in Online Learning Environment: Evidence From Indonesia During COVID-19 Pandemic

The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has changed many aspects of
society, including education. While online learning aims to avoid the transmission of
viruses, however, what causes the success or failure of online learning needs to be
investigated. This study tries to answer the question by analyzing how self�regulated learning, digital literacy, and the mediation of course satisfaction influ�ence students’ academic performance in online learning situations caused by the
COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. We employed Partial Least Square Structural
Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) on 358 respondents gathered from an online survey
questionnaire completed by undergraduate students during the pandemic. The
study finds that self-regulated learning is the key factor, followed by digital literacy.
Course satisfaction also proved to mediate self-regulated learning and digital lit�eracy on academic performance.