TRANSLATION STRATEGIES OF SPECIFIC CULTURAL ITEMS IN GEOGRAPHY BILINGUAL TEXTBOOK FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

The research deals with translation strategies of specific cultural items in geography bilingual textbook. The objectives of this study were: (1) to investigate the types of culture-specific items used in Geography Bilingual Textbook for Junior High School Students, (2) to describe how the culture-specific items in Geography Bilingual Textbook for Junior High School Students are translated into English, and (3) to analyze the reasons why translation strategies were used in Geography Bilingual Textbook for Junior High School Students. The research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative design. The data of this study were words and phrases containing culture specific items. The data were collected through documentary technique. The technique of data analysis was interactive model. The finding of this study revealed that: (1) The categories of culture specific items in Geography Bilingual textbook are 1) ecology, 2) material culture, 3) social culture, 4) organizations, customs, concepts, 5) gestures and habits, 6) Indonesian metaphor and (2) There were twelve (12) translation strategies were applied, they are transference (20%), cultural equivalent (2.5%), functional equivalent (7.5%), descriptive equivalent (2.5%), componential analysis (2.5%), synonymy (22.5%), through translation (15%), modulation (5%), recognized translation (2.5 %), compensation (7.5%), couplets (5%) and trope change (7.5%) and (3) there were three reason of using translation strategies are 1)desire to conform to the expectancy norm, 2) desire to conform to the accountability norm, and 3) desire to the communication norm.