FOREIGNIZATION IN THE TRANSLATION OF PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S ‘BUMI MANUSIA’ IN ‘THIS EARTH OF MANKIND’ BY MAX LANE

There were, in this research, three problems discussed. First, this study was to investigate categories of cultural terms in the novel ‘Bumi Manusia’ and their translations in’This Earth of Mankind’. Second, to explain techniques of translation applied in the translations of the cultural terms. Third, to analyze factors leading to the application of foreignization chosen by the translator. The method of collecting data in this study is through observation implemented at once by note-taking technique. The collected data are analyze descriptively. This study was based on some theories proposed by Newmark (1988) Zare and Firoozkoohi (2009), Vinay and Durbelnet (1985), and Venuti (2012). To achieve trustworthiness, triangulation method was applied. The results of this study show three important findings. First, there were six categories of cultural specific items found in the data: ecology, material culture, social culture, social organization, habits, and idioms, and the most frequent found is idioms (36%). Second, there were three techniques to translate 125 data finding: borrowing, calque and literal, and the most frequently- is borrowing (56.8%). Third, there were three factors which leading to the application of foreignization in this study, they are: cultural differences, linguistic differences, and translator’s preference.